Biografie: Maarten luther
Luther was born 10-11-1483 in Eisleben in a farmer family. They moved to Mansfeld to have a better life. There he went to a Latin school. He got a strict upbringing. After the Latin school he went to the Einsenach school but when his father had saved up enough money he went to the University of Erfurt. His father wanted him to become a jurist but Luther decided an other way. According to legend Luther decided to be a monk during a terrible storm. He entered the Mendicant order of the Augustinian monks in Erfurt. In the monastery life was hard for him. In 1512 he became Doctor in Theology in Wittenberg. He studied a lot in the bible and discovered other things then the Church was saying. He came to the conclusion that you don’t have to buy indulgences to come in heaven. That was the main point why he wrote the 95 theorems and why he hung them on the Slotkapel in Wittenberg in 1517. Of course there were reactions. He became persecute by the Catholic Church. He had to go to Worms and appear before the Emperor twice and he was told to take back his teachings. But he didn’t so he was outlawed. When Luther and the princes who supported him left Worms. On the trip home, elector Frederik de Wijze allowed Luther to be kidnapped. This took place on the to guarantee Luther's safety and to let him disappear for short while. He hided in Wartburg and there he translated the bible in German. He went back to Wittenberg and met Catharina von Bora and he marry her in1525. After that in 1534 he published his translated bible. After he was not really active anymore. He died in 1546. He got 6 children.
So you can divide the life of the Reformer Luther into four parts as shown below.
-First period. It consisting of his childhood, his time on the university and his time as a monk. In this times he was looking for knowledge of religion.
-Second period. When he became a Christian he saw many wrong things in the Catholic Church. He protested against the Catholic Church.
-Third period. Luther had to hide his self in Wartburg were his friend Frederik de Wijze lived. But he was cocky and turned back to Wittenberg to fight against the peasant and to realize his ideas.
-Forth period. In his last years he mostly wrote his ideas down.
Why did Luther start a new belief called Lutheranism? Here’s the answer. Because Luther discovered that many things in the Church which were not going right. Like doing good things, buying indulgences etc. His major idea’s of being a good church were: The bible is the only source of faith, each believer has the right to explain the Bible in is own manner, the papacy the celibacy of the priest many sacraments, the worship of the saints, the monastic orders should be abolished, man only get to heaven by faith, indulgences must be abolish, the king is head of the Church, subjects should always be obedient.
The Lutheranism spread out soon. This had to with the time Luther was living in. It was the time of tensions and conflicts caused by the change of time from the Middle Ages to the New Time. This change was caused by the new inventions like the discovery of the printing was handy to publish his ideas, the Humanism who he was using to discover the basic text of the bible because that was a classic language. There was a strong dissatisfaction under the population: The nobles weren’t used any more, the peasants had to pay tax, the kings wanted the church rule by them self and the people didn’t agree anymore with simple explanations. Those were the reasons why Luther had a large influence.
The Lutheranism was interested for different classes. The German Princes liked 2 idea's of Luther especially. That were these two: The sovereign is the head of the Church in every state, subject must always do what the sovereign said even if they act wrong. But there were more reasons: if the monastic orders were disbanded they could take over their possessions. Luther had an other idea that was that everyone can explain the bible in his own manner. The German people were interested in this point. They understood this point wrong and started a revolution in 1524. Luther chosen the side of the king in that war.
Luther’s success causes other reformers like Calvin. He was one of them. He made also rules but a bit different of the from Luther. Calvin believed that a small number of people are chosen to go to heaven but you can change Gods ideas by doing good. You may resistance against the Sovereign if he acts not as Gods Law. This was totally different from Luther. He believed that people only go to heaven by faith. You always must do what the Sovereign says. The building up of the church was also different. While the church of Luther was ruled by 1 person (prince of the state) the church of the Calvinism was rule by different persons like deacons, pastors and church wardens. So the church of Luther was ruled from the top the church of Calvin was ruled bottom-up.
Other things were caused by the Lutheranism and Calvinism. There developed many different opinions. That was not really a problem. The real problem was that the princes started to meddle in that discussion. The king who was head of the country wanted to have one Belief. So countries were Catholic or Protestant. If it was not enough the different country started to make war which Belief was the best.
There was also a reaction of the Church. The Counter Reformation was the reaction back on the Reformation. Reformation means: Christianity and the Church were al 15 ages long the head of the society. The clergy was very important. But there came more and more critical on the clergy. In first instance the clergy found it nonsense to intervene in the Protestantism. Later the Pope found out that many people started to really believe Luther and Calvin. So there was a reaction back. First the Church started to get rid of the abusive practices like indulgences. After the Church discovered that this adaptations didn’t bring many people back to the Catholic Belief they started to invent an other way of working. They gave heavy punishments on the Protestant people like the stake a and many other painful ways.
So you can divide the life of the Reformer Luther into four parts as shown below.
-First period. It consisting of his childhood, his time on the university and his time as a monk. In this times he was looking for knowledge of religion.
-Second period. When he became a Christian he saw many wrong things in the Catholic Church. He protested against the Catholic Church.
-Third period. Luther had to hide his self in Wartburg were his friend Frederik de Wijze lived. But he was cocky and turned back to Wittenberg to fight against the peasant and to realize his ideas.
-Forth period. In his last years he mostly wrote his ideas down.
Why did Luther start a new belief called Lutheranism? Here’s the answer. Because Luther discovered that many things in the Church which were not going right. Like doing good things, buying indulgences etc. His major idea’s of being a good church were: The bible is the only source of faith, each believer has the right to explain the Bible in is own manner, the papacy the celibacy of the priest many sacraments, the worship of the saints, the monastic orders should be abolished, man only get to heaven by faith, indulgences must be abolish, the king is head of the Church, subjects should always be obedient.
The Lutheranism spread out soon. This had to with the time Luther was living in. It was the time of tensions and conflicts caused by the change of time from the Middle Ages to the New Time. This change was caused by the new inventions like the discovery of the printing was handy to publish his ideas, the Humanism who he was using to discover the basic text of the bible because that was a classic language. There was a strong dissatisfaction under the population: The nobles weren’t used any more, the peasants had to pay tax, the kings wanted the church rule by them self and the people didn’t agree anymore with simple explanations. Those were the reasons why Luther had a large influence.
The Lutheranism was interested for different classes. The German Princes liked 2 idea's of Luther especially. That were these two: The sovereign is the head of the Church in every state, subject must always do what the sovereign said even if they act wrong. But there were more reasons: if the monastic orders were disbanded they could take over their possessions. Luther had an other idea that was that everyone can explain the bible in his own manner. The German people were interested in this point. They understood this point wrong and started a revolution in 1524. Luther chosen the side of the king in that war.
Luther’s success causes other reformers like Calvin. He was one of them. He made also rules but a bit different of the from Luther. Calvin believed that a small number of people are chosen to go to heaven but you can change Gods ideas by doing good. You may resistance against the Sovereign if he acts not as Gods Law. This was totally different from Luther. He believed that people only go to heaven by faith. You always must do what the Sovereign says. The building up of the church was also different. While the church of Luther was ruled by 1 person (prince of the state) the church of the Calvinism was rule by different persons like deacons, pastors and church wardens. So the church of Luther was ruled from the top the church of Calvin was ruled bottom-up.
Other things were caused by the Lutheranism and Calvinism. There developed many different opinions. That was not really a problem. The real problem was that the princes started to meddle in that discussion. The king who was head of the country wanted to have one Belief. So countries were Catholic or Protestant. If it was not enough the different country started to make war which Belief was the best.
There was also a reaction of the Church. The Counter Reformation was the reaction back on the Reformation. Reformation means: Christianity and the Church were al 15 ages long the head of the society. The clergy was very important. But there came more and more critical on the clergy. In first instance the clergy found it nonsense to intervene in the Protestantism. Later the Pope found out that many people started to really believe Luther and Calvin. So there was a reaction back. First the Church started to get rid of the abusive practices like indulgences. After the Church discovered that this adaptations didn’t bring many people back to the Catholic Belief they started to invent an other way of working. They gave heavy punishments on the Protestant people like the stake a and many other painful ways.